Portrait of Elena Torfs, Assistant Professor at Ghent University, smiling with her arms crossed indoors. Her name and title appear on a blue graphic background with the DARROW logo.

Holistic optimisation of wastewater treatment plants

As DARROW enters its final year, Elena Torfs reflects on the shift toward holistic optimisation in wastewater treatment. From full-plant modelling and automated calibration to multi-objective decision support, she explains how reliable models enable system-wide optimisation of water quality, energy use, and emissions.